This conference on the energy transition is based specifically on the observation of concrete territories. This observation is linked to a systemic approach, represented here by the notion of nexus, i.e. a logic of interaction between three dimensions: society, the environment and technology. This combination can be activated in a variety of regions and territories, whatever the technology at the heart of the energy system. It enables us to understand the transformation of energy systems, in a context of territorialisation of public policies and with a view to realistic sustainability.